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Venezuela Contingency Operation: Resistance Potential and Irregular Warfare Risk
// Updated August 2026 This assessment was published on 3 December 2025, before the United States acted. On 3 January 2026 US special operations forces captured Nicolás Maduro and his wife in Caracas and flew them to New York on narco-terrorism charges. Vice President Delcy Rodríguez was sworn in on 5 January. The central judgment…
Tragedy in Pahalgam: India Responds to Deadliest Civilian Attack in Kashmir Since 2019
On April 22, 2025, a brutal armed assault on tourists in Jammu and Kashmir’s Anantnag district claimed the lives of 26 civilians. Additionally, it left more than a dozen injured. The attack, which occurred in the scenic Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam, represents the deadliest mass-casualty incident targeting civilians in India since the 2008 Mumbai attacks.…
India at the Crossroads of Modern Conflict: From Jungle Warfare to Cyber Frontlines
India now faces a complex security environment where conventional threats are merging with irregular challenges. From Chhattisgarh’s jungles to cyberspace, India’s security dilemmas reflect global conflict trends. These include a fusion of insurgency, cyber operations, and hybrid aggression, all blurring the lines between internal unrest and external threats. India Irregular Warfare: Blurring Conventional and Irregular…
Underreported Struggles: Movements the World Forgot
In today’s relentless news cycle, many of the world’s longest-running independence and human rights struggles remain buried beneath flashier headlines. These underreported movements, spanning continents, cultures, and centuries of resistance, are driven by communities demanding freedom, dignity, and recognition. Often marginalized by geopolitical interests or economic priorities, their stories go untold. This article shines a…
Syria’s Transitional Government: From Victory to Insurgency
Updated August 2026 Where the transition stands in August 2026: The United States completed its military withdrawal on 16 April 2026, handing over its last major base and giving Syria control of every site where American forces had been deployed, ending more than a decade of presence. Counter-ISIS support now runs through partner-force training, intelligence…
Applying International Law to Resistance and Irregular Combatants
International Humanitarian Law (IHL), commonly referred to as the law of armed conflict, establishes the rules that balance military necessity with humanitarian protection. These legal frameworks bind both state and non-state actors, including resistance movements and irregular combatants. Yet, the application of IHL in modern conflicts is increasingly complex, particularly when addressing proportionality, targeting, and…